Class Notes- Week Two Sep 20-24

Week Two

Similes:is a figure of speech that indirectly compares two different things by employing conjunctions
Metaphors: figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them
Personification: A figure of speech in which animals or inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities
Apostrophe: A figure of speechin which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding.
Synecdoche: A figure of speechin which a part is used to represent the whole (for example, ABCs for alphabet) or the whole for a part
Metonymy: figure of speechin which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated
Dead Metaphors: A figure of speechthat has lost its force and imaginative effectiveness through frequent use.
Symbol: Something that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention, especially a material object used to represent something invisible
Allegory: The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form
Paradox: A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true
Overstatement: exaggeration in the service of truth
Understatement: saying less than one means (example: That looks nice.)
Irony- the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning   

• Verbal Irony: A contradiction of expectation between what is said and what is meant
• Dramatic Irony: irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
• Situational Irony: An occasion in which the outcome is significantly different from what was expected or considered appropriate. See also:

Sarcasm: a sharp and often satirical or ironic utterance designed to cut or give pain
Satire: a literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit

Rhetorical

 Rhetoric is the art of communication"-Aristotle

Argument

1. Ethos – convincing by the character of the author. We tend to believe people whom we respect.
2. Pathos- means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions.
3. Logos-  means persuading by the use of reasoning.

Elements Of reasoning

1. Thesis
2. Claims: the topic sentences of your body paragraphs
3. Warrants: Warrants: the explanation of your reasoning that ties your evidence to your claims
4. Evidence: the facts that support your claims