Voice: belongs to narrator
Style: belongs to author
(Rhythm and Meter- Chapter 12)
Rhythm: any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound
Accented/Stressed Syllables: when one or more syllables are given more prominence in pronunciation than the rest
Rhetorical Stresses: things we use to make our intentions clear
Run-On-Line: The sense of the line moves without pause on into the next line
End-Stopped Line: the ending of the line corresponds with a natural speech pause
Caesuras: pauses that occur within lines, either grammatical or rhetorical; resource for varying the rhythm of lines
Free Verse: predominating type of poetry
Prose Poem: depends entirely on ordinary prose rhythms
Rhythm: designated the flow of actual, pronounced sound
Meter: identifying characteristics of rhythmic language
Foot: basic unit of meter, normally one accented syllable plus one or two unaccented syllables
Metrical Variations: calls attention to some of the sounds because they depart from what is normal
Substitution: Replacing the regular foot with another one
Extra-metrical Syllables: added at the beginnings or endings of line
Truncation: the omission of one or more unaccented syllables at the beginning or the end of a line of verse
Scansion: the analysis and visual representation of a poem's metrical pattern
Limerick : the pattern aabba, freely allows the use of a substitute foot for the first foot in any line; mainly used for humor and nonsense verse
Grammatical and Rhetorical Pause: punctuated pauses that are longer than commas
Chapter 13-Sound and Meaning
Onomatopoeia: the use of words which sound like what they mean (ex. hiss, snap, bang)
Phonetic Intensives: group of words whose sound connects with their meaning to some degree
Euphony: smooth and pleasant sounding
Cacophony: Rough and harsh sounding
Chapter 14- Pattern
Structure: arrangement of sentences thoughts, ideas, and images.
Form: External Pattern
Stanzaic Form: poet uses a series of stanzas; repeated units having the same number of lines
Fixed Form: traditional pattern that applies to a whole poem
Sonnet: must be 14 lines long, les rigid then the limerick; almost always is iambic pentameter, either in Italian or English
Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet: divided between eight lines (octave) using two or three rhymes using two rhymes arranged abbaabba and six lines (sestet) using any arrangement of either two or three rhymes cdcdcd and cdecde.
English (Shakespearean) Sonnet: three quatrains and a concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg. Units are marked off by the thymes and the development of the thought
Villanelle: complex pattern of repetition and rhyme; two rhyme sounds; 19 lines are divided into five three-line stanzas and a four-line concluding quatrain; varies stress patterns and the meaning of the repeated lines
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